Lack of oxygen to the brain around the time of birth is a major cause of disability in term infants. Initial research has demonstrated that cooling infants for three days improves outcomes. Erythropoietin is a hormone secreted by the kidney in the adult and by the liver in the fetus, which acts on bone marrow stem cells to stimulate red blood cell production. We are participating in the current PAEAN clinical trial, coordinated by Sydney University, to determine whether erythropoietin further improves neonatal brain recovery after hypoxia (oxygen deprivation) and ischaemia (lack of blood supply).