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In a community-based birth cohort of 158 Australian infants followed to age 2 years, the incidence rate of human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) was 0.42 (95% CI = 0.33, 0.54) episodes per child-year with episodes occurring year-round, peaking in the spring season.

We have demonstrated the potential use of Bayesian Networks in improving antibiotic selection for children with osteomyelitis

Respiratory syncytial virus is pervasive across multiple severity levels and diagnoses. Vaccines targeting children <3 months must be prioritized

Epidemic viral infections predominated as causes of childhood encephalitis in Australia. The leading causes include vaccine-preventable diseases

Active vaccine safety surveillance leading to rapid detection of a safety signal would likely have resulted in earlier suspension of Fluvax from the vaccination programme

Inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing in children was linked to specific risk factors, presenting opportunities for targeted interventions to improve prescribing

A review of cases informed a change from a "3 + 0" infant schedule to a "2 + 1" schedule

Our study provides evidence for geographic clustering of tuberculosis/human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in Ethiopia

Reductions in pneumonia-coded hospital admissions in unvaccinated children predominated in non-Aboriginal children with low incidence of pneumonia

RV1 and RV5 were both effective in preventing laboratory confirmed and notified rotavirus infections among children aged <5 years