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Research

Study protocol for controlled human infection for penicillin G against Streptococcus pyogenes: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomised trial to determine the minimum concentration required to prevent experimental pharyngitis (the CHIPS trial)

Regular intramuscular benzathine penicillin G injections have been the cornerstone of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) secondary prophylaxis since the 1950s. As the pharmacological correlate of protection remains unknown, it is difficult to recommend changes to this established regimen. Determining the minimum effective penicillin exposure required to prevent Streptococcus pyogenes infection will accelerate development of new long-acting penicillins for RHD prevention as well as inform opportunities to improve existing regimens. The CHIPS trial will address this knowledge gap by directly testing protection afforded by different steady state plasma concentrations of penicillin in an established model of experimental human S. pyogenes pharyngitis.

Research

The Western Environment Reduces Innate Immune Cytokine Production in Chinese Immigrants

We recruited age- and sex-matched Chinese immigrants living in Western Australia for less than 6 months (newly arrived, n = 22) or more than 5 years.

Research

Delay in commencement of palliative care service episodes provided to Indigenous and non-Indigenous patients

Although the timeliness benchmark is being met for Indigenous Australians in palliative care, they may experience delayed initiation of care episodes

Research

Severe winter asthma exacerbations can be prevented by omalizumab, but there is no carryover effect.

Recurrent severe asthma exacerbations are associated with decreased lung growth or accelerated loss of long function and add substantially to cost and morbidity

Research

Safety and efficacy of the predictive low glucose management system in the prevention of hypoglycaemia

The predictive low glucose management system was evaluated in in-clinic studies, and has informed a larger home trial to study its efficacy and safety

Research

Diet at birth is critical for healthy growth, independent of effects on the gut microbiota

Colostrum is the first milk for a newborn. Its high content in microbiota shaping compounds and its intake at the time of gut microbiota seeding suggests colostrum may be critical in the establishment of a healthy microbiota. There is also accumulating evidence on the importance of the gut microbiota for healthy growth.

Research

Antibody and cell-mediated immunity to pertussis 4 years after monovalent acellular pertussis vaccine at birth

In the longest reported follow-up of infants who received aP vaccine at birth, we found a trend to lower PT IgG antibodies post booster compared with receipt...

Research

Birth cohorts in asthma and allergic diseases: Report of a NIAID/NHLBI/MeDALL joint workshop

Population-based birth cohorts on asthma and allergies increasingly provide new insights into the development and natural history of the diseases.

Research

Safety and Tolerability of V114 Pneumococcal Vaccine in Infants: A Phase 3 Study

Disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality in children. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are well tolerated and effective at reducing pneumococcal disease caused by vaccine serotypes. VAXNEUVANCE (V114) is a 15-valent PCV containing 13 serotypes in Prevnar 13, plus serotypes 22F and 33F. This large phase 3 study evaluated safety and tolerability of V114 in infants. 

Research

Child maltreatment data: A summary of progress, prospects and challenges

In 1996, the ISPCAN Working Group on Child Maltreatment Data (ISPCAN-WGCMD) was established to provide an international forum in which individuals, who deal with child maltreatment data in their respective professional roles, can share concerns and solutions.