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Research

Fine-Tuning the Tumour Microenvironment: Current Perspectives on the Mechanisms of Tumour Immunosuppression

Immunotherapy has revolutionised the treatment of cancers by harnessing the power of the immune system to eradicate malignant tissue. However, it is well recognised that some cancers are highly resistant to these therapies, which is in part attributed to the immunosuppressive landscape of the tumour microenvironment (TME). The contexture of the TME is highly heterogeneous and contains a complex architecture of immune, stromal, vascular and tumour cells in addition to acellular components such as the extracellular matrix. While understanding the dynamics of the TME has been instrumental in predicting durable responses to immunotherapy and developing new treatment strategies, recent evidence challenges the fundamental paradigms of how tumours can effectively subvert immunosurveillance. Here, we discuss the various immunosuppressive features of the TME and how fine-tuning these mechanisms, rather than ablating them completely, may result in a more comprehensive and balanced anti-tumour response.

Research

Rationale and methods of a randomized controlled trial of immunogenicity, safety and impact on carriage of pneumococcal conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines in infants in Papua New Guinea

Vaccination trials in high endemicity areas are needed to provide evidence and guidance on idea strategies to protect children in these areas against infections

Research

X-exome sequencing of 405 unresolved families identifies seven novel intellectual disability genes

Systematic sequencing of all X-chromosomal genes in patients with genetic evidence for X-chromosome locus involvement may resolve 58% of Fragile X-negative cases

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A whole-of-population study of term and post-term gestational age at birth and children's development

Relative risks of developmental vulnerability for each week of gestation were calculated with adjustment for confounders and addressing missing information.

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Exclusive breastfeeding increased by an internet intervention

Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months is acknowledged universally as the optimal feeding method for infants in order to provide the greatest health and...

Research

Psychosocial moderators of associations between life events and changes in physical activity after leaving high school

This study examines the associations between life events & changes in leisure-time physical activity after leaving high school in young people from rural...

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Der p 11 is a major allergen for house dust mite-allergic patients suffering from atopic dermatitis

House dust mites (HDMs) belong to the most potent indoor allergen sources worldwide and are associated with allergic manifestations in the respiratory tract.

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Oxidative stress and abnormal bioactive lipids in early cystic fibrosis lung disease

Several lipid biomarkers of early cystic fibrosis lung disease were identified, which point toward potential disease monitoring and therapeutic approaches

Research

Risks and obstacles in implementing a public health approach to the wellbeing and protection of children

We have also been engaged with and excited by the attempts to adopt a public health approach to the care and protection of children as described throughout this book