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increased adherence to penicillin prophylaxis is associated with reduced acute rheumatic fever recurrence and a likely reduction in mortality

Population-based primary prevention of ARF through sore throat management may be effective in well-resourced settings like New Zealand

Health systems did not meet the needs of pregnant Aboriginal women with rheumatic heart disease

A multifaceted intervention was implemented using quality improvement and chronic care model approaches to improve delivery of penicillin prophylaxis for rheumatic heart disease

This strategy did not improve adherence to rheumatic heart disease secondary prophylaxis within the study time frame.

The rates of RHD in Timor-Leste are among the highest in the world, and prevalence is higher among girls than boys. Community engagement is essential for ensuring follow-up and the effective delivery of secondary prophylaxis.

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a chronic cardiac condition with an infectious aetiology, causing high disease burden in low-income settings.

We estimated the global disease prevalence of and mortality due to rheumatic heart disease over a 25-year period

Young people with screening-detected RHD have worse health outcomes than screen-negative cases in Fiji.

Adequate resources are needed for maintenance of data quality in acute rheumatic fever/ rheumatic heart disease registers to ensure provision of evidence-based care and accurate assessment of program impact.