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Research
Maternal diet during breastfeeding: Could it influence food allergy risk in children?Human milk is rich in immuno-modulatory factors that have the potential to shape immune development and influence allergy risk in children. In this article, we describe how breast milk may contribute to making the infant less prone to developing allergies.
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Biogeography of the Relationship between the Child Gut Microbiome and Innate Immune SystemThe gut microbiome is a well-recognized modulator of host immunity, and its compositions differ between geographically separated human populations. Systemic innate immune responses to microbial derivatives also differ between geographically distinct human populations. However, the potential role of the microbiome in mediating geographically varied immune responses is unexplored. We here applied 16S amplicon sequencing to profile the stool microbiome and, in parallel, measured whole-blood innate immune cytokine responses to several pattern recognition receptor (PRR) agonists among 2-year-old children across biogeographically diverse settings. Microbiomes differed mainly between high- and low-resource environments and were not strongly associated with other demographic factors. We found strong correlations between responses to Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and relative abundances of Bacteroides and Prevotella populations, shared among Canadian and Ecuadorean children.
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Transketolase and vitamin B1 influence on ROS-dependent neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formationThe regulation of Transketolase by oxythiamine and/or vitamin B1 may therefore be associated with response to the modulation of NET formation
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Associations between the home yard and preschoolers’ outdoor play and physical activityFeatures of the home-yard physical environment were positively associated with preschoolers’ outdoor play and physical activity
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Assessing the burden of laboratory-confirmed respiratory syncytial virus infection in a population cohort of Australian children through record linkageRespiratory syncytial virus is pervasive across multiple severity levels and diagnoses. Vaccines targeting children <3 months must be prioritized
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Chronic health conditions, mental health and the school: A narrative reviewSchool-based social risk processes in the lives of young people with chronic health conditions are likely to contribute to risk of psychological problems
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Targeting cytokine- and therapy-induced PIM1 activation in preclinical models of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphomaIL7 and glucocorticoids coordinately drive aberrant activation of PIM1 and suggests that T-ALL and T-LBL patients could benefit from PIM inhibition
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Effects of Ser47-Point Mutation on Conformation Structure and Allergenicity of the Allergen of Der p 2, a Major House Dust Mite AllergenThe mutant Der p 2 had altered structure and reduced ability to stimulate pro-inflammatory responses and to bind IgE
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The extent and nature of supermarket own brand foods in AustraliaThis protocol is unique as it aims to investigate all aspects of retail food environments and address the contribution of supermarket own brands
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Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngitis elicits diverse antibody responses to key vaccine antigens influenced by the imprint of past infectionsKnowledge gaps regarding human immunity to Streptococcus pyogenes have impeded vaccine development. To address these gaps and evaluate vaccine candidates, we established a human challenge model of S. pyogenes pharyngitis. Here, we analyse antibody responses in serum and saliva against 19 antigens to identify characteristics distinguishing 19 participants who developed pharyngitis and 6 who did not.