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Britta Regli-von Ungern-Sternberg AM FAHMS MD, PhD, DEAA, FANZA Chair of Paediatric anaesthesia, University of Western Australia; Consultant

Management of the pediatric difficult airway can present unique clinical challenges. The Pediatric Difficult Intubation Collaborative (PeDI-C) is an international collaborative group engaging in quality improvement and research in children with difficult airways. The PeDI-C established a WhatsApp™ group to facilitate real-time discussions around the management of the difficult airway in pediatric patients.

The relationship between anesthetic technique and pediatric oncological outcomes is an emerging field of interest. With significant improvements in childhood cancer survival in recent decades, there is an increased focus on optimizing the quality of survival and reducing the incidence of metastasis and recurrence. The aim of this narrative review article is to investigate and consolidate the current available evidence assessing the immunomodulatory effects of anesthesia in the pediatric oncology population.

There is a paucity of data on the chosen anesthesia management for infant inguinal hernia surgery. We aimed to characterize self-reported anesthetic practice in Australia and New Zealand. We also aimed to identify the outcomes that matter to both anesthetists and to parents and carers.

The authors' international collaboration of researchers and clinicians was established to develop core outcome sets for infants, children, and adolescents. Here, the authors report on a qualitative mixed methods study with semistructured interviews of parents/guardians and their children undergoing anesthesia for surgery along with perioperative healthcare providers.

Leadership in paediatric anaesthesia is undergoing rapid transformation as clinical complexity, workforce expectations, and organizational structures evolve. This review synthesizes recent developments and highlights the competencies required for effective leadership in this high-stakes specialty.

To summarize recent evidence in pediatric total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA), highlighting advances in pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics, target-controlled infusion (TCI), electroencephalography (EEG)-guided titration, emerging agents, safety, and sustainability, and to provide clinicians with an updated, practical framework for pediatric TIVA practice.

Pediatric perioperative care can be described as a journey, starting when surgery is first contemplated, all the way through to a patient’s full recovery. For the child and their family, this journey spans from the time at home pre-operatively through a hospital stay and finishes with at-home recovery.

Britta Regli-von Ungern-Sternberg AM FAHMS MD, PhD, DEAA, FANZA Chair of Paediatric anaesthesia, University of Western Australia; Consultant

The social determinants of health, as described by the World Health Organisation (WHO), are 'the non-medical factors' that influence health outcomes. They are the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life. According to the WHO, social determinants of health account for between 30-55% of health outcomes, and children can be particularly vulnerable to their impacts.