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Genome Sequence of a Lytic Staphylococcus aureus Bacteriophage Isolated from Breast Milk

We identified a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bacteriophage appearing to belong to Herelleviridae, genus Kayvirus. The bacteriophage, Biyabeda-mokiny 1, was isolated from breast milk using a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus.

Standardised treatment and monitoring protocol to assess safety and tolerability of bacteriophage therapy for adult and paediatric patients (STAMP study): protocol for an open-label, single-arm trial

There has been renewed interest in the therapeutic use of bacteriophages (phages); however, standardised therapeutic protocols are lacking, and there is a paucity of rigorous clinical trial data assessing efficacy.

Rhinovirus is the most common virus and rhinovirus-C is the most common species in paediatric intensive care respiratory admissions

This is the first report examining the role of different rhinovirus species in ARIs in children admitted to a tertiary PICU

Safety and efficacy of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor in children ≥2 years with cystic fibrosis: 96-week interim results from a phase 3 open-label extension study

Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor(ELX/TEZ/IVA) was safe and efficacious in children with CF 2-5y with at least one F508del allele in 24-week phase 3 Trial 445-111. Children who completed 445-111 were eligible for the long-term safety and efficacy extension trial.

Airway IRF7hi versus IRF7lo molecular response patterns determine clinical phenotypes in children with acute wheezing

We employed a systems biology approach to delineate upper airway gene network patterns underlying asthma exacerbation phenotypes in children.

Real world effectiveness of early ensitrelvir treatment in patients with SARS-CoV-2, a retrospective case series

Ensitrelvir, a 3C-like protease inhibitor, received emergency approval in Japan in November 2022 for treating non-hospitalized patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. However, confirmation of its real-world clinical effectiveness is limited.

Small-area geographical variation in the prevalence of diabetes amongst Australian youth aged <20 years in 2021

To characterise small-area geographical variation in the prevalence of diabetes in Australian youth. A combined statistical reconstruction and small-area estimation algorithm was applied to privacy-modulated data from the 2021 Australian Census. 

Does lung function in preschoolers help to predict asthma in later life?

The earliest respiratory function assessments, within or close to the neonatal period, consistently show correlations with lung function and with the development of asthma into adulthood. Measurements of lung function in infancy reflect the in utero period of lung development, and if early enough, show little influence of postnatal environmental exposures. 

Virome assembly reveals draft genomes of native Pseudomonas phages isolated from a paediatric bronchoalveolar lavage sample

We present lung virome data recovered through shotgun metagenomics in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from an infant with cystic fibrosis, who tested positive for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection. Using a bioinformatic pipeline for virus characterization in shotgun metagenomic data, we identified five viral contigs representing Pseudomonas phages classified as Caudoviricetes.

Polymorphisms in key innate immune genes and their effects on measles vaccine responses and vaccine failure in children from Mozambique

Despite an effective vaccine, measles remains a major health problem globally, particularly in developing countries. More than 30% of children show primary...

A differentiated nasal epithelial cell model derived from children with acute wheeze and asthma

The airway epithelium is the primary structural and functional airway barrier and orchestrates innate immunity. Some children may have underlying epithelial vulnerabilities that contribute to the pathogenesis of acute wheeze and asthma.

Role of COL5A1 in lung squamous cell Carcinoma: Prognostic Implications and therapeutic potential

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is a significant health concern, characterized by a lack of specific therapies and limited treatment options for patients in advanced stages. This study aims to identify key molecules of prognostic importance in LUSC and provide an experimental foundation for their potential therapeutic applications.

What goes up must come down: dynamics of type 1 interferon signaling across the lifespan

Type 1 interferons (T1IFNs) are typically expressed in low concentrations under homeostatic conditions, but upon pathogenic insult or perturbation of the pathway, these critical immune signaling molecules can become either protectors from or drivers of pathology. While essential for initiating antiviral defense and modulating inflammation, dysregulation of T1IFN signaling can contribute to immunopathology, making it and its associated pathways prime targets for immune evasion and disruption by pathogens. 

Innate epithelial and functional differences in airway epithelium of children with acute wheeze

Early childhood wheeze is a major risk factor for asthma. However, not all children who wheeze will develop the disease. The airway epithelium has been shown to be involved in asthma pathogenesis. Despite this, the airway epithelium of children with acute wheeze remains poorly characterized.

Chinese immigrants in Australia at higher risk of allergies, research shows

Chinese immigrants who live in a Western environment like Australia have an increased risk of allergies, hay fever and asthma, new research led by Curtin University and The Kids Research Institute Australia has found.

Measuring early childhood development with The Early Human Capability Index (eHCI): a reliability and validity study in China

With the importance of early childhood development more recognized by the international society, low-cost and cross-culturally comparable measures of early childhood development is in great demand, both in China and worldwide. In this study, we aim to test the psychometrics of the Chinese version of The Early Human Capability Index (eHCI), which is designed as a measurement for school readiness in large population.

Upper Airway Cell Transcriptomics Identify a Major New Immunological Phenotype with Strong Clinical Correlates in Young Children with Acute Wheezing

Asthma exacerbations in children can be divided into IRF7hi versus IRF7lo phenotypes with associated differences in clinical phenotypes

The Cold Atmospheric Plasma Inhibits Cancer Proliferation Through Reducing Glutathione Synthesis

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a safe and effective alternative to radiotherapy for cancer treatment. Its anticancer effects are attributed to increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione, a key antioxidant derived from glutamine, is critical for cell proliferation. This study investigated whether CAP-induced ROS elevation results from reduced glutamine-glutathione conversion and elucidates the underlying mechanisms.