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Ellis van Creveld syndrome and Weyers acrofacial dysostosis are two rare genetic diseases affecting skeletal development. They are both ciliopathies, as they are due to malfunction of primary cilia, microtubule-based plasma membrane protrusions that function as cellular antennae and are required for Hedgehog signaling, a key pathway during skeletal morphogenesis.
The global population has been severely affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, however, with older age identified as a risk factor, children have been underprioritized. This article discusses the factors contributing to the less severe response observed in children following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), including, differing viral entry receptor expression and immune responses.
Rhinoviruses (RVs) can cause severe wheezing illnesses in young children and patients with asthma. Vaccine development has been hampered by the multitude of RV types with little information about cross-neutralization. We previously showed that neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses to RV-C are detected twofold to threefold more often than those to RV-A throughout childhood. Based on those findings, we hypothesized that RV-C infections are more likely to induce either cross-neutralizing or longer-lasting antibody responses compared with RV-A infections.
Our data illustrate that rhinovirus infection is capable of infecting upper and lower airway epithelial cells, driving cell death and inflammation
Several lipid biomarkers of early cystic fibrosis lung disease were identified, which point toward potential disease monitoring and therapeutic approaches
Early viral infections were associated with greater neutrophilic inflammation and bacterial pathogens
Genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of a quorum sensing positive Psychrobacter isolate identified several quorum sensing associated systems
Pulmonary inflammation in surveillance bronchoalveolar lavage has a cumulative effect on structural lung disease extent, more so than infection
These findings indicate that early CF lung disease is characterized by an increased mucus burden and inflammatory markers without infection or structural lung disease
A better understanding of the innate immune responses by CF airway epithelial cells is needed to identify why viral infections are more severe in CF