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Group A Streptococcus, Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease: Epidemiology and Clinical ConsiderationsA directed approach to the differential diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever now includes the concept of low-risk versus medium-to-high risk populations
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The effect of 100% oxygen on tidal breathing parameters in preschool childrenThis study aimed to determine whether breathing 100% oxygen altered tidal breathing parameters in healthy young children and young children with CF.
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Childhood atopy and mental health: a prospective, longitudinal investigationFindings are the first linking atopy (measured by both parent report and objective verification) with increased vulnerability to affective and anxiety problems
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Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination for protection against recurrent herpes labialis: a nested randomised controlled trialRecurrences of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in the orofacial region (herpes labialis or cold sores) impact quality-of-life. We aimed to study whether the bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine can attenuate cold sore recurrences through off-target immunomodulatory effects.
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Systematic chemical and molecular profiling of MLL-rearranged infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia reveals efficacy of romidepsinIdentified romidepsin as a promising therapeutic for mixed lineage leukemia (MLL)-rearranged infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia
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Safety of BCG vaccination and revaccination in healthcare workersBCG vaccination and revaccination are increasingly being considered for the protection of adolescents and adults against tuberculosis and, more broadly, for the off-target protective immunological effects against other infectious and noninfectious diseases. Within an international randomized controlled trial of BCG vaccination in healthcare workers (the BRACE trial), we evaluated the incidence of local and serious adverse events, as well as the impact of previous BCG vaccination on local injection site reactions (BCG revaccination).
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Nowhere to Go and Nothing to Do but Sit? Youth Screen Time and the Association With Access to Neighborhood DestinationsWith not much to do in their neighborhood, youth may spend more time in the home engaged in screen-based activities
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A phase 3 study of safety and immunogenicity of V114, a 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, followed by 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, in children with HIVTo evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of V114 [15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) containing serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9 V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 22F, 23F, 33F], followed by 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) 8 weeks later, in children with HIV.
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Evidence of a reduction over time in the behavioral severity of autistic disorder diagnosesThis study provides the first clear evidence of a reduction over time in the behavioral severity of individuals diagnosed with Autistic Disorder during a period of stability in diagnostic criteria
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Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Are Protective Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations in Infants: A Population-Based Observational StudyPneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) reduced the risk of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in a randomized clinical trial. We aimed to assess the real-world effectiveness of PCV on RSV-hospitalizations among Western Australian infants.
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Hypoxia and sterile inflammation in cystic fibrosis airways: Mechanisms and potential therapiesIn this review, we consider recent evidence regarding hypoxia and sterile inflammation in cystic fibrosis airways
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Safety and immunogenicity of a primary series and booster dose of the meningococcal serogroup B-factor H binding protein vaccine (MenB-FHbp) in healthy children aged 1–9 years: two phase 2 randomised, controlled, observer-blinded studiesThe meningococcal serogroup B-factor H binding protein vaccine (MenB-FHbp) is licensed for use in children aged 10 years or older for protection against invasive serogroup B meningococcal disease. Because young children are at increased risk of invasive meningococcal disease, MenB-FHbp clinical data in this population are needed.
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Reduced prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycemia in a population-based clinic sample of youth with type 1 diabetesThe aim of this study was to determine the change in prevalence of Impaired awareness of hypoglycemia in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes
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Reopening to the world: how safety, normality and trust in government shape young adults’ COVID-19 vaccine intentionsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, and particularly 2020-2021, young adults were often significant transmitters of the virus. Prior to the availability of vaccines for young adults, we sought to understand what would contribute to their uptake of a COVID-19 vaccine and how government policy might intervene. We undertook qualitative interviews between February and April 2021 with 19 participants (aged 18-29) in Perth, Western Australia.
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Effects of maternal dietary egg intake during early lactation on human milk ovalbumin concentration: A randomized controlled trialIncreased maternal egg ingestion is associated with increased breastmilk ovalbumin, and markers of immune tolerance in infants
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Western Australian health care workers’ views on mandatory COVID-19 vaccination for the workplaceHealth care workers (HCWs) are at an increased risk of catching and spreading Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared with the general community, putting health systems at risk. Several jurisdictions globally have mandated or are looking to mandate COVID-19 vaccines for this cohort, but little is known about the acceptability of this measure, especially in different contexts, and there is little qualitative data to explore nuance, depth, and the reasons behind HCWs’ opinions.
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Reduced goal-directed action control in autism spectrum disorderInvestigate whether impairments in the ability to execute flexible goal-directed actions may be an underlying feature in ASD contributing to these symptoms
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Preventing severe influenza in Australian infants: Maternal influenza vaccine effectiveness in the PAEDS-FluCAN networks using the test-negative designChristopher Blyth MBBS (Hons) DCH FRACP FRCPA PhD Centre Head, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases; Co-Head, Infectious Diseases