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Down syndrome, also known as Trisomy 21, is one of the most common chromosome abnormalities in humans. It occurs when a child's cells end up with 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46. Down syndrome causes intellectual disability and other physical and learning challenges.

Anaphylaxis is rapid onset severe allergic reaction to an allergen. These allergens are most commonly food, insects, or medication. Anaphylactic reactions are serious and can be life-threatening.

Transgender is a term that includes people whose gender identity, gender expression, or behavior does not conform to conventional gender notions of male or female.

Cyberbullying is a form of online harassment, where the bullying is carried out through the use of modern technology.

Melanoma, also known as malignant melanoma, occurs when abnormal skin cells multiply rapidly in an uncontrolled way.

Brain tumours are the second most common cancer in children (after leukaemia).

In a sunny country such as Australia, it’s important to identify how to achieve the right amount of sun exposure for good health. We need to be able to harness the benefits of vitamin D and sunlight while remaining protected from the proven dangers of too much UV radiation.

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a lifelong condition characterised by severe neurodevelopmental impairment due to prenatal exposure to alcohol.

Thanks to 30 years of support from the WA community, The Kids Research Institute Australia is home to some of the world’s best researchers.

Discover more about Telethon Kids Institute research.