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Consensus guidelines for antifungal prophylaxis in haematological malignancy and haemopoietic stem cell transplantation, 2021Antifungal prophylaxis can reduce morbidity and mortality from invasive fungal disease (IFD). However, its use needs to be optimised and appropriately targeted to patients at highest risk to derive the most benefit. In addition to established risks for IFD, considerable recent progress in the treatment of malignancies has resulted in the development of new 'at-risk' groups.
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COVID-19 vaccine Mandates: An Australian attitudinal studyThe rollout of vaccines against COVID-19 is prompting governments and the private sector to adopt mandates. However, there has been little conceptual analysis of the types of mandates available, nor empirical analysis of how the public thinks about different mandates and why. Our conceptual study examines available instruments, how they have been implemented pre-COVID, and their use for COVID-19 globally.
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Cohort description: Measures of early-life behaviour and later psychopathology in the LifeCycle Project - EU Child Cohort NetworkThe EU LifeCycle Project was launched in 2017 to combine, harmonise, and analyse data from more than 250,000 participants across Europe and Australia, involving cohorts participating in the EU-funded LifeCycle Project. The purpose of this cohort description is to provide a detailed overview over the major measures within mental health domains that are available in 17 European and Australian cohorts participating in the LifeCycle Project.
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Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for malignant pleural mesotheliomaMesothelioma is a rare and universally fatal cancer linked to exposure to asbestos. Until recently, standard of care treatment was chemotherapy; a treatment resulting in a minimal survival extension, and not improved upon for almost twenty years. However, the advent of cancer immunotherapy – and in particular the immune checkpoint inhibitor class of drugs - has resulted in recently approved new treatment options, with more currently under investigation.
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Modelling evolutionary pathways for commensalism and hypervirulence in neisseria meningitidisNeisseria meningitidis, the meningococcus, resides exclusively in humans and causes invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). The population of N. meningitidis is structured into stable clonal complexes by limited horizontal recombination in this naturally transformable species.
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Penicillin G concentrations required for prophylaxis against Group A Streptococcus infection evaluated using a hollow fibre model and mathematical modellingAcute rheumatic fever (ARF), an autoimmune reaction to Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes; Strep A) infection, can cause rheumatic heart disease (RHD). New formulations of long-acting penicillins are being developed for secondary prophylaxis of ARF and RHD.
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The prevalence of and potential risk factors for Developmental Language Disorder at 10 years in the Raine StudyThis study sought to determine the prevalence of Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) in Australian school-aged children and associated potential risk factors for DLD at 10 years.
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Systematic In Vitro Evaluation of a Library of Approved and Pharmacologically Active Compounds for the Identification of Novel Candidate Drugs for KMT2A-Rearranged LeukemiaPatients whose leukemias harbor a rearrangement of the Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL/KMT2A) gene have a poor prognosis, especially when the disease strikes in infants. The poor clinical outcome linked to this aggressive disease and the detrimental treatment side-effects, particularly in children, warrant the urgent development of more effective and cancer-selective therapeutics.
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Eye Gaze in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review of Neural Evidence for the Eye Avoidance HypothesisReduced eye contact early in life may play a role in the developmental pathways that culminate in a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. However, there are contradictory theories regarding the neural mechanisms involved. According to the amygdala theory of autism, reduced eye contact results from a hypoactive amygdala that fails to flag eyes as salient. However, the eye avoidance hypothesis proposes the opposite-that amygdala hyperactivity causes eye avoidance. This review evaluated studies that measured the relationship between eye gaze and activity in the 'social brain' when viewing facial stimuli.
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Cancer therapies inducing DNA damageThe induction of DNA damage has been employed as an anticancer strategy for more than 100years, first starting with the use of radiation to treat stomach cancer followed by the first uses of DNA-damaging chemotherapy to treat childhood leukemia.
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Research
A phase 3, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial toevaluate the efficacy and safety of a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prefusion F subunit vaccine in infants born to women vaccinated during pregnancy (Matisse)Peter Richmond MBBS MRCP(UK) FRACP Head, Vaccine Trials Group Head, Vaccine Trials Group Professor Peter Richmond is Head of the Vaccine Trials Group
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A Phase I/II, Multicentre, Observer-blinded, Randomized, Active Controlled, Clinical Trial to Assess the Reactogenicity, Safety and Immunogenicity of a combined Tetanus, Diphtheria, Acellular Pertussis and Poliomyelitis Vaccine (SIIPL Tdap-IPV) in CompariJennifer Peter Kent Richmond RN MBBS MRCP(UK) FRACP Clinical Research Manager Head, Vaccine Trials Group Jennifer.Kent@thekids.org.au Clinical
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A sport-based mental health intervention for children at risk of mental illnessWe know that sport, when the appropriate environment is provided, can be an enriching experience for children – with many physical and mental health benefits.
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A tonsil organ model to evaluate carriage, disease mechanisms and therapeutic interventions for the treatment and prevention of Group A Streptococcus infectionsAnthony Tim Kicic Barnett BSc (Hons) PhD PhD Rothwell Family Fellow; Head, Airway Epithelial Research Head, Strep A Pathogenesis and Diagnostics
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Amped Up: An Energy Drink StudyGina Hayley Trapp Christian BHSc(Hons1A), RPHNutr, PhD BSc (1st Class Hons), PhD (Distinction) W.Aust. Honorary Research Associate Head, Child
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AREST CF Early Surveillance ProgramThe Early Surveillance Program (ESP) is the platform upon which the AREST CF research program is based.