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Research

Off-target effects of bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination on immune responses to SARS-CoV-2: implications for protection against severe COVID-19

Because of its beneficial off-target effects against non-mycobacterial infectious diseases, bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination might be an accessible early intervention to boost protection against novel pathogens. Multiple epidemiological studies and randomised controlled trials are investigating the protective effect of BCG against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Research

Clinician-rated quality of video otoscopy recordings and still images for the asynchronous assessment of middle-ear disease

Video otoscopy plays an important role in improving access to ear health services. This study investigated the clinician-rated quality of video otoscopy recordings and still images, and compared their suitability for asynchronous diagnosis of middle-ear disease. Two hundred and eighty video otoscopy image-recording pairs were collected from 150 children (aged six months to 15 years) by an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist, audiologists, and trained research assistants, and independently rated by an audiologist and ENT surgeon.

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Pandemic clinical case definitions are non-specific

During the early phases of the 2009 pandemic, subjects with influenza-like illness only had laboratory testing specific for the new A(H1N1)pdm09 virus.

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Febrile seizures following measles and varicella vaccines in young children in Australia

Febrile seizures (FS) are common in childhood with incidence peaking in the second year of life when measles and varicella-containing vaccines are administered.

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Predictors of Disease Severity in Children Hospitalized for Pertussis during an Epidemic

This study aimed to determine factors associated with severe pertussis in hospitalized children during an epidemic using a novel pertussis severity scoring...

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Group a streptococcal carriage and seroepidemiology in children up to 10 years of age in Australia.

This study aimed to acquire nationally representative epidemiological data on GAS in Australia to scope the appropriate age for vaccination with a potential...

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Australia-wide point prevalence survey of antimicrobial prescribing in neonatal units: How much and how good?

This is the first Australia-wide point prevalence survey of neonatal antimicrobial prescribing in tertiary children's hospitals.

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Natural history of progression of HPV infection to cervical lesion or clearance: Analysis of the control arm of the large, randomised PATRICIA study

The control arm of PATRICIA (PApillomaTRIal against Cancer In young Adults, NCT00122681) was used to investigate the risk of progression from cervical HPV...

Research

Clinical Predictors of Influenza in Young Children: The Limitations of “Influenza-Like Illness”

This study aims to identify clinical predictors of influenza infection in children ≤5 years old from which age-specific ILI definitions are then constructed.

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Children with otitis media mount a pneumococcal serotype specific serum IgG and IgA response comparable to healthy controls after pneumococcal conjugate vaccination

We investigated the suggestion that otitis-prone children have an impaired antibody response in the context of pneumococcal vaccination.