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Effect of methylphenidate exposure on glutamate and glutamate-related metabolites in patients with ADHD: a systematic reviewDysfunctional glutamatergic neurotransmission has been implicated in the underlying pathogenesis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The psychostimulant methylphenidate (MPH), which is used as a first line treatment for ADHD, has been shown to have both acute and chronic effects on prefrontal cortex glutamatergic afferents. Animal studies have also identified an effect of MPH and glutamate in prefrontal areas. Despite this there are ongoing questions as to the extent and direction of this effect, as well as its impact on other neurobiological processes.
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The Use of Alcohol Pharmacotherapies and Prescription Contraceptives among Females of Reproductive Age in AustraliaThere is no clear clinical guidance on the use of alcohol pharmacotherapies in pregnancy due to insufficient safety information. Contraception should therefore be considered for reproductive-aged females receiving alcohol pharmacotherapies not wishing to become pregnant. This study evaluated the concurrent use of alcohol pharmacotherapies with prescription contraception and other medications in Australian females of reproductive age compared to those not receiving an alcohol pharmacotherapy.
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Exploring variation in beach environments and physical activity by neighbourhood socioeconomic status in Perth, AustraliaBeaches are important settings for physical activity, with their quality (safety, amenities, aesthetics) influencing how well they support health. The quality of beaches may differ across neighbourhoods, with higher socioeconomic status neighbourhoods having disproportionately better access to beaches. This study examined the attributes of and activities taking place in beaches by neighbourhood socioeconomic status.
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Cohort profile: The WAACHS Linked Data StudyDespite the volume of accumulating knowledge from prospective Aboriginal cohort studies, longitudinal data describing developmental trajectories in health and well-being is limited.
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Prevalence and risk factors for parent-reported recurrent otitis media during early childhoodThe objective was to describe the prevalence and risk factors of recurrent otitis media (rOM) in an urban Australian population at 3 years of age.
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Rare childhood cancers—an increasing entity requiring the need for global consensus and collaborationRare childhood cancers have not benefited to the same extent from the gains that have been made for their frequently occurring counterparts.
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Development and validation of the Australian Aboriginal racial identity and self-esteem survey for 8-12 year old children (IRISE-C)In Australia, there is little empirical research of the racial identity of Indigenous children and youth as the majority of the current literature focuses on...
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Day occupation is associated with psychopathology for adolescents and young adults with Down syndromeIn comparison to those young adults attending open employment from 2009 to 2011, those attending day recreation programs were reported to experience...
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House dust mite induced lung inflammation does not alter circulating vitamin D levelsWe hypothesized that allergic inflammation decreases the level of circulating 25(OH)D and tested this using a mice model of house dust mite (HDM) induced...
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Parental Tdap boosters and infant pertussis: a case-control studyCase households had fewer immunized mothers (22% vs 32%) or fathers (20% vs 31%) but were more likely to include additional and older children. After...