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Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion alters microRNA expression and glycaemic variability in children with type 1 diabetesTo determine whether continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) vs. multiple daily injections (MDI) therapy from near-diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is associated with reduced glycaemic variability (GV) and altered microRNA (miRNAs) expression.
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Fecal sample collection methods and time of day impact microbiome composition and short chain fatty acid concentrationsAssociations between the human gut microbiome and health outcomes continues to be of great interest, although fecal sample collection methods which impact microbiome studies are sometimes neglected. Here, we expand on previous work in sample optimization, to promote high quality microbiome data. To compare fecal sample collection methods, amplicons from the bacterial 16S rRNA gene (V4) and fungal (ITS2) region, as well as short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were determined in fecal material over three timepoints.
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From program suspension to the pandemic: A qualitative examination of Australia's vaccine pharmacovigilance system over 10 yearsIn 2010, the Australian seasonal influenza vaccination program for children under 5 years of age was suspended due to an unexpected increase in fever and febrile convulsions causally associated with one particular influenza vaccine brand. A subsequent national review made seven recommendations to improve vaccine pharmacovigilance.
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Supporting patient-clinician interaction in chronic HIV care: Design and development of a patient-reported outcomes software applicationThe consideration of health-related quality of life (HRQL) is a hallmark of best practice in HIV care. Information technology offers an opportunity to more closely engage patients with chronic HIV infection in their long-term management and support a focus on HRQL.
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Evaluation of focus and deep learning methods for automated image grading and factors influencing image quality in adaptive optics ophthalmoscopyAdaptive optics flood illumination ophthalmoscopy (AO-FIO) is an established imaging tool in the investigation of retinal diseases. However, the clinical interpretation of AO-FIO images can be challenging due to varied image quality. Therefore, image quality assessment is essential before interpretation.
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Survival of children and adolescents with intellectual disability following gastrostomy insertionWhilst gastrostomy insertion was associated with lower survival rates than children without gastrostomy, survival improved with time
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Prevalence of Motor Difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Analysis of a Population-Based CohortIn this population-based cohort that included 2,084 children with autism aged ≤6 years, over one-third met the criteria for motor difficulties
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High concentrations of middle ear antimicrobial peptides and proteins are associated with detection of middle ear pathogens in children with recurrent acute otitis mediaElevated antimicrobial proteins and peptides and cytokines in middle ear effusion are a marker of inflammation and bacterial persistence
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Disparities between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal perinatal mortality rates in Western Australia from 1980 to 2015This study aimed to examine the pattern of stillbirth and neonatal mortality rate disparities over time in Western Australia
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Racial discrimination and child and adolescent health in longitudinal studies: A systematic reviewThis review emphasises the need to gain evidence for the mechanisms linking early racism exposure to adverse health outcomes in later life