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Research

Personalized transcriptomics reveals heterogeneous immunophenotypes in children with viral bronchiolitis

Dysregulated expression of IFN-dependent pathways after respiratory viral infections is a defining immunophenotypic feature of AVB-susceptible infants

Research

Identifying pediatric lung disease: A comparison of forced oscillation technique outcomes

These findings suggest the utility of specific FOT outcomes is dependent on the respiratory disease being assessed

Research

Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability and agreement of echocardiographic diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease using the World Heart Federation evidence-based criteria

The WHF echocardiographic criteria enable reproducible categorisation of echocardiograms as definite RHD versus no or borderline RHD

Research

Effect of Albuterol Premedication vs Placebo on the Occurrence of Respiratory Adverse Events in Children Undergoing Tonsillectomies: The REACT Randomized Clinical Trial

Determine whether inhaled albuterol sulfate (salbutamol sulfate) premedication decreases the risk of perioperative respiratory adverse events

Research

Effect of combining pre-exercise carbohydrate intake and repeated short sprints on the blood glucose response to exercise in young individuals with Type 1 diabetes

When carbohydrates are ingested prior to moderate-intensity exercise, adding repeated sprints is not significantly detrimental to glycaemic management

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Is sport an untapped resource for recovery from first episode psychosis? A narrative review and call to action

Sport-based interventions could be an opportunity to provide intervention to individuals recovering from their first psychotic episode

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Positive veteran teachers: Who are they, and where are they to be found?

This article reports on a study in Australia which sought to utilise the characteristics to identify positive veteran teachers within a larger cohort

Research

Impact of social disadvantage on cerebral palsy severity

In Australia, socio-economic disadvantage at birth impacts adversely on cerebral palsy severity at age 5 years

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Maternal immune-related conditions during pregnancy may be a risk factor for neuropsychiatric problems in offspring throughout childhood and adolescence

Emerging research suggests that maternal immune activation (MIA) may be associated with an increased risk of adverse neurodevelopmental and mental health outcomes in offspring. Using data from the Raine Study, we investigated whether MIA during pregnancy was associated with increased behavioral and emotional problems in offspring longitudinally across development.

Research

Health and climate change MJA–Lancet Countdown report: Australia gets another failing grade in 2020 but shows signs of progress

At the end of 2019 and into 2020, catastrophic fires in Australia consumed homes, lives, wildlife, and land. Just as the fires subsided, Australia, like the rest of the world, faced another emergency—the COVID-19 pandemic. It is instructive to reflect on lessons from the health disasters of the past year. Following publication of the Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change, the Medical Journal of Australia (MJA)–Lancet Australian Countdown was published in December, 2020. This annual report on health and climate change in Australia is in its third year and comprises the efforts of five Australian institutions, in collaboration with University College London, UK, facilitated by a partnership between The Lancet and the MJA.