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Research

Early Years and Disadvantage: Matching Developmental Circumstances in Populations to Prevention and Intervention Opportunities

In this chapter we use rich longitudinal data to examine the typical growth of vocabulary in children as they age from 4 years onwards.

Research

Supporting the Social-Emotional Well-Being of Elementary School Students Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing: A Pilot Study

Children who are Deaf and Hard of Hearing, their parents, Teachers of the Deaf, and other community stakeholders were involved in co-designing a web-based resource to support students' social-emotional well-being.

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Does self-efficacy mediate the association between socioeconomic background and emotional symptoms among schoolchildren?

Socioeconomic inequality in emotional symptoms exists. This inequality is partly explained by socioeconomic inequality in self-efficacy

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Adolescent bystanders' perspectives of aggression in the online versus school environments

Researchers' understanding of bystanders' perspectives in the cyber-environment fails to take young people's perceptions into account and remains imperfect.

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Gender-Neutral Toilets: A Qualitative Exploration of Inclusive School Environments for Sexuality and Gender Diverse Youth in Western Australia

School toilets have been identified by sexuality and gender diverse (SGD) students as the least safe spaces in educational institutions. They are sites of verbal, physical and sexual victimisation.

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Gender differences in time allocation contribute to differences in developmental outcomes in children and adolescents

Using over 50 thousand time-use diaries from two cohorts of children, we document significant gender differences in time allocation in the first 16 years in life. Relative to males, females spend more time on personal care, chores and educational activities and less time on physical and media related activities. These gender gaps in time allocation appear at very young ages and widen overtime.

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Is neighbourhood access to tobacco outlets related to smoking behaviour and tobacco-related health outcomes and hospital admissions?

Smokers with greater access to tobacco outlets were more likely to be diagnosed with or admitted to hospital for heart disease

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Off-target effects of bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination on immune responses to SARS-CoV-2: implications for protection against severe COVID-19

Because of its beneficial off-target effects against non-mycobacterial infectious diseases, bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination might be an accessible early intervention to boost protection against novel pathogens. Multiple epidemiological studies and randomised controlled trials are investigating the protective effect of BCG against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

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Epigenetics in infectious diseases

Viruses, bacteria, and parasites have developed strategies to invade and establish long-term infections in their hosts.

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The relationship between physical activity, self-regulation and cognitive school readiness in preschool children

Limited research exists on the pathways through which physical activity influences cognitive development in the early years. This study examined the direct and indirect relationships between physical activity, self-regulation, and cognitive school readiness in preschool children.

Research

The stark reality of rheumatic heart disease

This editorial refers to ‘Characteristics, complications, and gaps in evidence-based interventions in rheumatic heart disease: the Global Rheumatic Heart...

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Reduced forced vital capacity in Aboriginal Australians: Biology or missing evidence?

This editorial article addresses chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung function testing in Aboriginal Australians.

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Lessons from schools with high levels of support for students with type 1 diabetes: A qualitative study

This project aimed to investigate how schools provide support for the psychosocial wellbeing and disease management of students with type 1 diabetes

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Respiratory impedance in healthy unsedated South African infants: Effects of maternal smoking

Non-invasive techniques for measuring lung mechanics in infants are needed for a better understanding of lung growth and function...

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Associations between clusters of early life risk factors and developmental vulnerability at age 5

This study investigated the associations between clusters of early life risk factors and developmental vulnerability in children's first year of full-time school at age 5

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Surveillance of antenatal influenza vaccination: Validity of current systems and recommendations for improvement

Although influenza vaccination is recommended during pregnancy as standard of care, limited surveillance data are available for monitoring uptake.

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Children's neighbourhood physical environment and early development: an individual child level linked data study

The neighbourhood physical environment has a weak but significant association with early childhood development

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What we know about suicide prevention for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

This fact sheet addresses what we currently know about suicide prevention for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

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Healthy population ageing depends on investment in early childhood learning and development

Interventions in the early years provide a sustainable solution by generating long-term labour productivity and social welfare benefits